Choosing to Believe in the Objectivity of Ethics: Cognitivism from Noncognitivism with Kierkegaard

The ethical position advocated by Judge Wilhelm in “Equilibrium Between the Aesthetic and the Ethical in the Composition of Personality” (Either-Or II) is a peculiar mix of cognitivism and noncognitivism. The metaethics or normative ethics are cognitivist, laying down various necessary conditions for ethically correct action. These conditions include: the necessity of choosing seriously and …

Naturalism, Antirealism, or Something More? Roger Penrose and the Unexplained Interrelations of the Material, Mathematical, and Mental

In an interesting discussion with William Lane Craig on Unbelievable?, Roger Penrose lays out his understanding of reality. As Craig notes, Penrose interestingly refrains from any kind of positivism or verificationism which would try to reduce all of existence to what science can talk about in the physical world. That is the angle of mid-20th …